Project story

The Sphere las vegas as a giant yellow face

Steel helps redefine the live entertainment experience at the Sphere, Las Vegas

Steel is the backbone of the Sphere in Las Vegas—supporting the world’s largest spherical structure and immersive LED display. Over 3,000 tonnes of steel form its striking exoskeleton and internal dome. Precision-built trusses and frames enable advanced audio-visual performance. A landmark of engineering and entertainment.

Technical trends

Looking upstream: A path to unlocking low-carbon, circular materials

Circular materials in upstream processes are vital to reducing emissions from material value chains, which contribute 20% of global greenhouse gases. Solutions include increasing access to scrap, enhancing recycling technologies, and building industry partnerships. Decarbonisation approaches vary by material—steel and nickel require process improvements, while aluminium and copper depend on renewable electricity. Demand for low-carbon materials is set to outpace supply, making innovation, clear economics, and carbon transparency essential.

Construction market trends

United States

X Values Permits (LHS, SAAR Millions) Output (RHS, SAAR USD millions)
Jan-19 1.254 518135
Feb-19 1.286 516496
Mar-19 1.295 517020
Apr-19 1.322 521369
May-19 1.347 529056
Jun-19 1.299 540562
Jul-19 1.379 552411
Aug-19 1.482 559292
Sep-19 1.469 564105
Oct-19 1.523 570554
Nov-19 1.535 580510
Dec-19 1.443 586077
Jan-20 1.495 597508
Feb-20 1.455 606669
Mar-20 1.346 615115
Apr-20 1.076 594470
May-20 1.25 584623
Jun-20 1.334 589731
Jul-20 1.546 610517
Aug-20 1.533 641273
Sep-20 1.636 663788
Oct-20 1.613 686488
Nov-20 1.703 704002
Dec-20 1.752 725926
Jan-21 1.855 746434
Feb-21 1.711 736138
Mar-21 1.756 754651
Apr-21 1.721 766648
May-21 1.703 780494
Jun-21 1.654 790846
Jul-21 1.658 807516
Aug-21 1.736 811825
Sep-21 1.64 822255
Oct-21 1.707 833429
Nov-21 1.765 857379
Dec-21 1.919 885881
Jan-22 1.92 913576
Feb-22 1.857 934357
Mar-22 1.868 954119
Apr-22 1.859 964828
May-22 1.704 978434
Jun-22 1.737 954499
Jul-22 1.703 931867
Aug-22 1.557 916358
Sep-22 1.6 899433
Oct-22 1.594 888509
Nov-22 1.401 872331
Dec-22 1.41 860647
Jan-23 1.41 853199
Feb-23 1.618 849349
Mar-23 1.48 843212
Apr-23 1.474 843367
May-23 1.575 860312
Jun-23 1.464 867505
Jul-23 1.522 881772
Aug-23 1.561 882108
Sep-23 1.537 886131
Oct-23 1.528 885925
Nov-23 1.503 891008
Dec-23 1.519 893388
Jan-24 1.545 901541
Feb-24 1.577 914476
Mar-24 1.476 907954
Apr-24 1.459 935883
May-24 1.407 952669
Jun-24 1.461 941441
Jul-24 1.436 936627
Aug-24 1.476 933151
Sep-24 1.434 927509
Oct-24 1.428 926366
Nov-24 1.508 924316
Dec-24 1.48 928485
Jan-25 1.46 912128
Feb-25 1.454 908929
Mar-25 1.481 897761
Apr-25 1.422 893665
May-25 1.394 888904

U.S. construction spending declined again in May as higher mortgage rates and growing inventory weighed on single-family housing. Investment in non-residential structures also edged lower.

Private residential output down -0.5% m-o-m (-6.7% y-o-y) in May; Building permits down -2.0% m-o-m (-0.9% y-o-y) in May.

Private non-residential output down -0.4% m-o-m (-3.9% y-o-y) in May. Architecture Billings Index (ABI) up to 47.2 in May from 43.2 in April (< 50, contraction)

China

X Values Series1
Jan-19 -1.90
Feb-19 -0.86
Mar-19 -1.40
Apr-19 -0.25
May-19 -1.27
Jun-19 -2.33
Jul-19 -2.30
Aug-19 0.58
Sep-19 2.90
Oct-19 3.11
Nov-19 2.01
Dec-19 0.07
Jan-20 -6.38
Feb-20 -15.49
Mar-20 -28.55
Apr-20 -19.28
May-20 -8.53
Jun-20 3.19
Jul-20 6.34
Aug-20 7.45
Sep-20 9.85
Oct-20 11.68
Nov-20 11.25
Dec-20 12.67
Jan-21 20.60
Feb-21 35.73
Mar-21 36.64
Apr-21 22.52
May-21 10.58
Jun-21 10.97
Jul-21 3.39
Aug-21 -3.96
Sep-21 -12.52
Oct-21 -16.65
Nov-21 -16.07
Dec-21 -16.80
Jan-22 -14.05
Feb-22 -13.16
Mar-22 -13.78
Apr-22 -23.32
May-22 -28.53
Jun-22 -28.03
Jul-22 -25.19
Aug-22 -22.29
Sep-22 -22.06
Oct-22 -20.27
Nov-22 -24.08
Dec-22 -29.91
Jan-23 -27.17
Feb-23 -19.69
Mar-23 -3.54
Apr-23 -5.79
May-23 -10.64
Jun-23 -21.93
Jul-23 -24.69
Aug-23 -25.96
Sep-23 -22.18
Oct-23 -21.17
Nov-23 -20.38
Dec-23 -21.75
Jan-24 -22.91
Feb-24 -23.97
Mar-24 -24.30
Apr-24 -21.62
May-24 -19.27
Jun-24 -14.61
Jul-24 -13.93
Aug-24 -12.90
Sep-24 -11.56
Oct-24 -8.59
Nov-24 -3.93
Dec-24 0.64
Jan-25 -0.05
Feb-25 -2.58
Mar-25 -3.52
Apr-25 -2.88
May-25 -2.79

China’s property market faced continued challenges in May, with declines in both floor space sold and new home prices indicating that nothing more than stabilisation is expected in 2025.

The 3 month moving average y-o-y decline in floor space started reached -19.8% in May; floor space sold was down -2.8% y-o-y.

Europe

X-values PMI (LHS) Output (RHS, %, y-o-y)
Jan-19 50.6 0.00
Feb-19 52.6 5.61
Mar-19 52.2 6.35
Apr-19 52.1 2.78
May-19 50.6 2.59
Jun-19 50.8 1.48
Jul-19 50.6 1.18
Aug-19 49.1 0.59
Sep-19 50.5 0.49
Oct-19 50.7 0.69
Nov-19 50.6 0.69
Dec-19 51.3 -1.64
Jan-20 51.9 4.38
Feb-20 52.5 -0.19
Mar-20 33.5 -16.38
Apr-20 15.1 -31.30
May-20 39.5 -12.06
Jun-20 48.3 -5.34
Jul-20 48.9 -4.37
Aug-20 47.8 -1.37
Sep-20 47.5 -3.69
Oct-20 44.9 -3.32
Nov-20 45.6 -2.14
Dec-20 45.5 0.10
Jan-21 44.1 -6.10
Feb-21 45.0 -7.25
Mar-21 50.1 16.36
Apr-21 50.1 41.21
May-21 50.3 10.95
Jun-21 50.3 3.18
Jul-21 49.8 1.42
Aug-21 49.5 -1.48
Sep-21 50 1.71
Oct-21 51.2 2.22
Nov-21 53.3 0.80
Dec-21 52.9 -1.86
Jan-22 56.6 4.26
Feb-22 56.3 7.51
Mar-22 52.8 2.28
Apr-22 50.4 1.99
May-22 49.2 2.29
Jun-22 47 1.69
Jul-22 45.7 1.20
Aug-22 44.2 2.51
Sep-22 45.3 0.50
Oct-22 44.9 0.99
Nov-22 43.6 1.28
Dec-22 42.6 -0.10
Jan-23 46.1 0.78
Feb-23 47.6 1.84
Mar-23 45.0 0.39
Apr-23 45.2 1.37
May-23 44.6 1.85
Jun-23 44.2 1.66
Jul-23 43.5 3.27
Aug-23 43.4 1.86
Sep-23 43.6 2.66
Oct-23 42.7 1.27
Nov-23 43.4 0.58
Dec-23 43.6 3.09
Jan-24 41.3 0.48
Feb-24 42.9 -1.62
Mar-24 42.4 -0.39
Apr-24 41.9 -0.96
May-24 42.9 -2.49
Jun-24 41.8 -1.35
Jul-24 41.4 -2.30
Aug-24 41.4 -1.83
Sep-24 42.1 -2.40
Oct-24 43 -1.54
Nov-24 42.7 -0.29
Dec-24 42.9 -0.10
Jan-25 45.4 -0.38
Feb-25 42.7 -0.87
Mar-25 44.8 -0.77
Apr-25 46
May-25 45.6

The European construction sector continues to grapple with stagnation, a longstanding challenge driven by macroeconomic pressures and persistent market uncertainty.

Eurozone construction up 1.7% m-o-m (2.3% y-o-y) in April; Buildings up 0.9% m-o-m (0.8% y-o-y) in April; Civil engineering down -0.2% m-o-m (2.2% y-o-y) in April; The IHS Markit Eurozone Construction PMI fell from 45.6 in May to 45.2 in June (< 50, contraction).

India

X Values Avg industrial production (y-o-y)
Jan-19 1.4
Feb-19 1.8
Mar-19 5.0
Apr-19 4.3
May-19 2.9
Jun-19 0.2
Jul-19 2.0
Aug-19 -0.7
Sep-19 -5.7
Oct-19 -5.4
Nov-19 0.3
Dec-19 0.9
Jan-20 1.4
Feb-20 5.1
Mar-20 -9.0
Apr-20 -44.4
May-20 -21.1
Jun-20 -12.1
Jul-20 -8.0
Aug-20 -7.5
Sep-20 -0.3
Oct-20 -1.8
Nov-20 -1.7
Dec-20 -0.3
Jan-21 0.7
Feb-21 -3.7
Mar-21 12.6
Apr-21 62.6
May-21 16.4
Jun-21 9.4
Jul-21 9.9
Aug-21 12.2
Sep-21 5.4
Oct-21 8.7
Nov-21 3.2
Dec-21 4.1
Jan-22 4.0
Feb-22 5.9
Mar-22 4.8
Apr-22 9.5
May-22 19.3
Jun-22 13.1
Jul-22 4.8
Aug-22 4.2
Sep-22 8.3
Oct-22 0.7
Nov-22 5.7
Dec-22 8.3
Jan-23 9.7
Feb-23 7.4
Mar-23 4.2
Apr-23 4.6
May-23 5.2
Jun-23 8.4
Jul-23 8.5
Aug-23 13.4
Sep-23 9.5
Oct-23 12.7
Nov-23 7.9
Dec-23 5.1
Jan-24 4.2
Feb-24 7.1
Mar-24 6.3
Apr-24 6.9
May-24 6.9
Jun-24 5.0
Jul-24 6.3
Aug-24 -1.5
Sep-24 2.4
Oct-24 3.8
Nov-24 5.8
Dec-24 5.1
Jan-25 5.1
Feb-25 3.4
Mar-25 4.5
Apr-25 1.0
May-25 0.7

India’s core sector growth slowed to its weakest pace in nine months in May, with gains in steel and cement supported by construction and infrastructure activity partially offsetting broader sectoral challenges.

Weighted average of eight core industries output up by 0.7 y-o-y in May; production of steel up 6.7%, cement up 9.2% y-o-y


 

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